Capsaicin is one of those substances you've undoubtedly encountered more than once. It's an extract found in various types of peppers, responsible for their spiciness. However, capsaicin isn't just a measure of heat, but a compound with many properties. Which ones? Read on!
What is capsaicin?
Capsaicin is a chemical compound of natural origin, classified as an alkaloid.. You can find it in plants of the capsicum genus, a member of the nightshade family. For food purposes, it is most often obtained from chili peppers. Capsaicin was first isolated in the 19th century, but it was known in folk medicine much earlier, as early as seven centuries ago. p.n.e. It was used to treat pain of various origins and to soothe burns.
Capsaicin does not dissolve in water. So if you happen to eat a hot pepper, it's best not to follow it with a glass of water—doing so can only worsen the unpleasant sensations. It's definitely better to drink a glass of milk, as capsaicin is fat-soluble.
Capsaicin's effects on the human body are quite profound. They manifest themselves in the activation of pain receptors and are associated with the sensation of heat. Paradoxically, hot spices help us survive the heat. By raising body temperature, they increase sweat production and thus cool the skin, making the heat more bearable. It's no wonder, then, that in countries where the average temperature reaches 30 degrees Celsius, hot spices are very popular.
Capsaicin is found in many types of peppers, The Scoville scale (SHU) is used to assess their spiciness. According to this scale, jalapeño peppers have around 2,500 units, while very hot varieties have up to 3 million SHU. Capsaicin, on the other hand, has up to 16 million units.
How does capsaicin work?
Although capsaicin can be dangerous in excess, it offers a number of health benefits when used in moderation. One of the properties of this substance is its analgesic properties. Capsaicin binds to TRPV1 receptors, causing you to experience both heat and pain after ingesting it. Prolonged exposure to capsaicin deactivates these receptors, thus relieving pain.
Currently, researchers are devoting significant time to systematizing knowledge about the use of capsaicin in cancer prevention. Tests conducted so far have confirmed its effectiveness in preventing metastasis. m.in. the effect of the alkaloid on lung, breast and colon cancer. It has been proven that capsaicin affects apoptosis, i.e. the so-called programmed death of cancer cells.
Capsaicin is also a powerful antioxidant – inhibits oxidation reactions, which directly protects the body against diseases such as atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and Alzheimer's disease. This reaction also delays the aging process.
Although hot spices aren't a popular part of diets, especially those that are easily digestible, it's true that capsaicin, in small doses, has a protective effect on the digestive system, reducing the risk of stomach ulcers. However, remember that excess capsaicin can unnecessarily burden the digestive tract, and the effect will be completely counterproductive.
Among capsaicin's many properties, its protective effects are noteworthy. The pungent compound possesses TRPV1 receptors, which bind to the membranes lining blood vessels. Capsaicin dilates these vessels, thereby lowering blood pressure.
Numerous grants were also confirmed the effect of capsaicin on inhibiting the growth of various species of bacteria, m.in. Salmonella or Helicobacter Pylori. However, you should know that adding hot peppers to your favorite dish certainly won't fight bacteria on their own. Its antibacterial effect depends on the bacteria's resistance to the alkaloid, as well as the amount and form of capsaicin. At the same time, this substance can be very helpful for colds – it raises body temperature, increases sweating, and thus helps the body eliminate viruses and bacteria.
Capsaicin for weight loss
Capsaicin is also very popular due to its metabolism-boosting properties.. This substance supports fat burning, suppresses appetite, and is an effective aid in weight loss. However, you must not forget that capsaicin for weight loss cannot replace a balanced, healthy, individually tailored diet and an active lifestyle.
Use of capsaicin
Without a doubt health-promoting properties of capsaicin are large. But how should it be used? For example, as pain-relieving patches. It's an excellent solution for muscle and joint pain, rheumatoid arthritis, neuralgia, and diabetic neuropathy.
Every day you can also take capsaicin in tablet form. It's a common ingredient in weight-loss supplements. What's crucial is that capsaicin is a highly toxic substance and, at high concentrations, can lead to respiratory distress and, consequently, death. The lethal dose is estimated at 56 mg/kg of body weight. However, most products containing hot pepper extract contain much lower, and therefore safe, doses of capsaicin. When using dietary supplements containing this ingredient, always follow the manufacturer's recommendations, and you won't have to worry about anything.
Contraindications and side effects
Xapaicin has many benefits. However, it's important to remember that consuming excessive amounts can be harmful. People with high blood pressure should be especially cautious when taking it. Pregnant and breastfeeding women should also be cautious with this substance.In addition, caution is advised when using capsaicin in the form of ointments and patches, as its contact with eyes and mucous membranes may lead to irritation.
Summary
Capsaicin is found primarily in cayenne pepper, jalapeño sauce, piri-piri and habanero peppers, and Tabasco sauce, but also in dietary supplements. It's worth considering supplementing with products containing capsaicin if you want to, for example, support weight loss. However, be aware that too much of this compound in your diet can lead to m.in. to heart problems or breathing difficulties. Therefore If you decide to buy capsaicin capsules, limit spicy foods in your diet.
